The first ethnographic museum appeared in the end XIX century. Wealth of museums had been put on public display for two purposes: «to receive pleasure» by public and to improve the taste of people. These included the «Museums of Fine Arts», where art from different countries, ranging chronologically were exhibited. Usually they were created on the base of private collections of families of European monarchs. As known, the «muse- ums-collections» appeared the first. The world is changing, and museums are changing with it. Keywords: skansen, open-air museum, stages of the development of European skansens. The article briefly discusses the most interesting and popular open-air museums as tourist destinations of the Nordic countries.
This type of museum has got status of «museum of the future». Today the organization of open-air museums is one of the most promising and effective ways to preserve historical and cultural heritage. Such museums are also a means of communication, which able to withstand to many cliches and misconceptions imposed by the mass culture. Skansen (open- air museums) is important tool of intercultural and inter-civilizational dialogue. Today skansen is the effective means of translation to new generations an appropriate national historical and cultural identity, traditional way of life of the people. Skansen emerged in response to the disappearance of the traditional economic system and national culture under the influence of the processes of industrialization and globalization. Museums change according to the era and social requires. Each of the selected stage is characterized by its process of deepening and expansion of activity of skansens as special kind of museum establishments. The five historical stages in the history of European skansens are offered to distinguish: 1) origin of the idea and the opening of the first skansen (up to 1891) 2) the establishment of skansen (from 1891 until the First World War) 3) Inter-War Period (the period between the First and Second World Wars) 4) Post-war reconstruction (up to about 1960) 5) Development of skansen as a scientific- research institution and tourism center (from 1960s until today). Such institutions named «skansen» in honor of the first open-air museum, which opened in 1891 in Stockholm at the initiative of Arthur Hazelius. The article discusses the development a special type of museums in Europe - open-air museums. PhD in Geography, Associate Professor e-mail:ĬONCEPT OF SKANSEN: ORIGINS AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
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